Science of Indian Crops: Part-I

Science of Indian Crops: Part-I

Since few years UPSC is asking about conditions of growing and asking the name of crops. Now let see the science of crops:

Rice:

• Condition: High Heat and High Humidity

• Temperature: 25 to 30⁰C

• Altitude: From sea level to 2500 meters

• Annual rainfall: 150CM, (if deficient rain, then irrigation can also  be useful)

• Soil: deep fertile clayey or loamy

• Areas: Delta Region, Ganga plains, river valleys, Coastal Region

• Major Producing States: West Bengal, Punjab, UP, Andhra, Tamil Nadu

Wheat: (RABI)

• Temperature: 10 to 15⁰C (Winter), 21 to26⁰C(Summers)

• Condition: Cool Climate with Moderate Rainfall

• Annual rainfall: 75CM, (if deficient rain, then irrigation can also  be useful)

• Areas: Well drained areas,

• Soil: Fertile friable loam

• Major Producing States: UP, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh

Maze:(KHARIF)

• Temperature: 20-30⁰C

• Condition: Warm Climate with moderate rainfall

• Annual rainfall: 50-100CM, (if deficient rain, then irrigation can also  be useful)

• Soil: Well Drained alluvial or red loams free from coarse materials rich in nitrogen

• Major Producing States: Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Rajasthan, UP

Gram(RABI)

• Temperature: 20-25⁰C

• Annual rainfall: 40-50CM, (if deficient rain, then irrigation can also  be useful)

• Soil: Loamy 

• Major Producing States: Madhya Pradesh, UP, Rajasthan, Haryana, Maharastra

Cotton:(Kharif)

• Temperature: 21-30⁰C 

• Condition: High temperature with moderate rainfall

• Annual rainfall: 50-100CM, (if deficient rain, then irrigation can also  be useful)

• Soil: Mostly Black Soil

• Major Producing States: Maharastra, Gujrat, Andhra, Punjab, Haryana

Jute:

• Temperature: 25 to 35⁰C 

• Condition: Hot and Humid Climate

• Annual rainfall: 100-150CM

• Areas: Deltas

• Soil: Light Sandy and Clayey Loams

• Major Producing States: West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Odisha, Meghalay

We will see further more crops in next article