Locations of Petroleum

Locations of Petroleum

Petroleum is one of the most important mineral in the world. It is called the BLACK GOLD or LIQUID GOLD. Petroleum is used in the internal combustion of the engines of automobiles, aircrafts and railways. Petroleum is obtained in the form of crude oil from the sedimentary rocks which is generally from the tertiary period. Crude oil is a fossil fuel which is formed when large amount of dead organisms are buried in the sedimentary rock and are subjected to the intense heat and pressure. These sedimentary rocks are found at the mantle of the earth.

Most of the petroleum is found in the middle east which is more than 60% of the world followed by Latin America 14%, Canada 13%, Africa 11% and Russia 8%.  In Latin America Venezuela and Mexico are major producers and in Africa Libya and Algeria are the major producers. Some of the major oil fields are:

• Saudi Arab: Ghawar Field
• Kuwait: Burgan Field
• Iran: Ferdows Field
• UAE: Zakum Field
• Venezuela: Bolvar Coastal Field
• Brazil : Sugar Loaf Field
• Mexico: Ku Maloob Zaap Field

There are some major off shore fields too. These are the fields where oil is obtained from the sea away from land. Some of the major off shore fields are:

• Saudi Arab: Safaniya Fields and Manifa Oilfields in Persian Gulf
• UAE : Upper Zakum oilfields in Persian Gulf
• Kazakhstan: Kashgan oilfields in Caspian Sea
• Brazil: Lula Oilfields

More than 80% oil is found in the OPEC Countries. OPEC, which is Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, is an organization major oil producing economies with the intension to coordinate and unify petroleum policy of its members to ensure stabilization in oil market. OPEC has twelve members Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arab, UAE and Venezuela. 

There are two types of Crude Oils Sweet Crude and Sour Crude

Sweet Crude: This crude contains less than 0.5% of sulfur. This crude requires less amount of energy in extraction and yields high amount of gasoline. Iran is the leading producer of this crude oil. Some of the major locations are North America, Western Texas, North Dakota, North Sea, North Africa, Australia and Indonesia.

Sour Crude: Sour Crude contains more than 0.5% of sulfur. It is not pure crude oil. Impurity of sulfur has to be removed before further processing. Venezuela is the leading producer of Sour Crude Oil. Some of the major locations of Sour Crude are: Canada, Gulf of Mexico, Canada and Mexico.

Petroleum Scenario in India:

India is one of the biggest importers of the crude oil, because we do not have that much amount of crude oil which can fulfill our requirements. But still we have some amount of crude oil present in India. Some of the major oil producing locations are:

• Gujrat: Ankaleshwar, Kalol, Mehsana, Nawagam, Kosamba, Lunej
• Assam: Digboi, Naharkatia and Moran
• Bombay High
• Rajasthan
• Tamil Nadu 

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Sources: OPEC, Wikipedia, Britanica, UFA, Indian Institute of Petroleum.